This is a relatively rare condition of the oesophagus (1 in 250 000). The function of the oesophagus highly abnormal. The valve between the stomach and oesophagus becomes very tight, and fails to open on swallowing, preventing ingested material entering the stomach. The peristaltic function in the oesophagus itself becomes weak and loses co-ordination, failing to propel material downwards as normal. Consequently, patients with achalasia have severe dysphagia, which can then lead to weight loss and malnutrition.
Achalasia can effectively be treated by an operation known as a Heller's procedure or cardiomyotomy.
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